Uwais al-Qarni
Uwais al-Qarni
Muhammad said, "Amongst my people there is a man who has the ability to save all believers on Judgment Day." Muhammad's Companionsenquired, "Who is this man?" He said, "A man of God." They replied, "We are all men of God, as He has created each one of us." They asked Muhammad, "What is his name?" Muhammad replied, "Uwais". His companions asked, "Where is he from?" He said, "Yemen". All who were gathered asked Muhammad, "If his love for you is as great as you describe, then why has he not ever hurried to visit you and serve you?" Muhammad came to his defense and replied, "He has accepted my way and is a true believer; there is no need for him to attend to us in person. Moreover, there are two reason: Firstly, due to extenuating circumstances he has not been able to abandon his responsibilities. He also has an elderly and pious mother who is blind and infirm. Secondly, as per the sacred Shari'ah Law he may not abandon her. He works as a camel-herder by day, and uses the meager proceeds to maintain his mother and himself." They asked, "Will we see him?" Muhammad said, "Abu Bakr will not, but Umar and Ali will. You shall find him in Sha'raani, a village in Yemen, and you will recognize him as he has two distinct white marks, one on the palm of his hand and the other on his left rib cage. When you see him, give him my regards and ask him to pray for my people."
It is to be noted, however, that after Uwais' mother passed away (after Muhammad's own departure), he set out to meet Ali and, in spite of his own old age, volunteered in the Battle of Siffein. He was martyred.
[edit]Bestowal of the Cloak
Before Muhammad left behind this world, he asked Ali and Umar to pass on the Holy Cloak, which represented the teachings of Islam, to Uwais. Muhammad also insisted that they follow Uwais' path, step by step, keeping vigil over their hearts and refraining from all else. "Take my cloak to Uwais and give him my regards. Ask him to pray for you and ask forgiveness for my people." Ali passed on this message to Uwais and, upon hearing this, Uwais began to weep. He collected the cloak, and left the two messengers so that he could be alone for a while. He knelt on the ground and began to pray to God, "I will not wear this cloak until you grant forgiveness to all of Muhammad's devotees. The Prophet has asked me to do this, through Ali and Umar, and they are doing as you have commanded. They have acted out your wish. Now do as you will." A voice was heard, "We have forgiven many of his believers, now wear the cloak." Uwais said, "I want forgiveness for all his devotees."
As this was taking place, curiosity got the better of Umar and he went to investigate. Uwais became distressed when he realized that Umar was approaching, and he put the cloak on. Uwais said, "If you had not disturbed me, I would not have worn this cloak until God bestowed all of Muhammad's people unto me."
[edit]Meaning of Uwaisi Transmission
Muhammad has said, "The devotee will look for God's Light, and one can see the soul through the heart; it cannot be achieved through the head's eye." And, "Knowledge is a light which God shall bestow on whomsoever He chooses." Cognition is not achieved by being physically close to the messenger. Hazrat Uwais personified this fact, as he had never met Muhammad but had cognized all his Teachings.
Uwais was so close to the messenger that he even experienced Muhammad's pain physically. When Muhammad lost a tooth in one of the battles, it is said that Uwais also lost a tooth at the same instant.
Abu Jahl (Muhammad's uncle) shall forever be lost,
While Oveys shall find his way in the deserts of Yemen.
It has been suggested by Attar that "Those on the Uwaisi path (Oveyssians) do not require the presence of a physical guide (Pir)." However, Attar does not mean that Oveyssians do not have a Pir, but that they must seek his physical presence inwardly and outwardly, so that they can be sure when they encounter him.
This is directly related to Muhammad's teaching, "The believer looks for God's Light." You cannot gain cognition until you do so through the heart. The Pir is not a person who is chosen by you, but he is revealed to you through your heart. So, when Attar refers to the Oveyssian path as not requiring a Pir, he is expressing the notion that the Pir is a guide revealed to the seeker inwardly rather than physically. In the past, this has been misconstrued and many scholars have been lead astray. Attar was on the Oveyssian path and his Pir, Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra (the 15th master of the Oveyssi tariqah), has made some references to this effect.
[edit]Some Teachings and Sayings
The following few anecdotes give a flavor of Uwais' attitude and personality:
They told Uwais of an old man who had dug his own grave and was residing there day and night waiting for his time to arrive. Uwais went to visit the man, he found him very weak. Uwais said, "You have given 30 years to your coffin and grave, allowing them to come between you and your God. They have become your idols." That man saw the light of Uwais and throgh him realized how much time he had wasted. With a cry he laid his head and passed from this world.
"Be such on the path of God, so that no one exists for you but Him."
"What is considered as modesty during Islamic Prayer?", he was asked. "For you to be so attuned that even if an arrow pierces you, you remain unaware of it."
"And choose a friend who is able to free you from all else."
"An aim is required before embarking on an action; therefore, if your aim is to find God and his Prophets, then you will surely reach your aim."
Haram Ibn Hayaan said, "I went to visit Uwais al-Qarani; he asked the reason for my visit. I explained that I felt at peace in his holiness' presence. To which Uwais replied, 'I have never seen anyone who knows God, and yet finds more peace and comfort in the presence of another being.'"
Haram Ibn Hayaan requested Uwais, "Give me a hadith from the Holy Prophet." Uwais replied, "Though I have heard a great deal about him, I never met him. I would not want to engage in storytelling and hadith. I have far too much work to get on with and this is not amongst them."
Uwais once said, "I wanted a high position in life, I found it in modesty. I wanted leadership, I found it in giving advice. I wanted dignity, I found it in honesty. I wanted greatness, I found it in poverty. I wanted lineage, I found it in virtue. I wanted majesty, I found it in contentment. I looked for peace ad found it in asceticism."
Hazrat Uwais has written many prayers, some of which Hazrat 'Ali taught him:
"In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. O God! I call you, and want no other but you. God, I desire you only. I call upon you, O you who bring comfort to those who are scared, and give refuge to those in need. You open hearts, and are in possession of all good. You bring stability to weariness, and purify all wrongs. You write out our good deeds and allow us to ascend. I ask of you to provide us with good intentions and not to subject our beings with dark objectives. O Allah, O Merciful, I call upon all Your Names, and all your kindness which shall not remain hidden. I call you, upon your most treasured Name, the Name which shall grant my prayer to be heard and answered quicker by You." Amen, O Lord of the worlds."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwais_al-Qarni
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Nabi berpesan kepada Umar dan Ali :
“ Akan lahir di kalangan Tabiin seorang insan yang doanya sangat makbul. Namanya Uwais al-Qarni dan dia akan lahir di zaman kamu. ”
Kita telah mengenali siapa dia Sayyidina Umar dan Sayyidina Ali iaitu orang-orang yang telah disenaraikan sebagai “ al-Mubasyirun bil Jannah ” iaitu mereka sudah dijamin masuk syurga. Nabi seterusnya berkata kepada Umar dan Ali :
“ Di zaman kamu nanti akan lahir seorang insan yang doanya sangat makbul. Kamu berdua pergilah cari dia. Dia akan datang dari arah Yaman, dia dibesarkan di Yaman. Dia akan muncul di zaman kamu, carilah dia. Kalau berjumpa dengan dia minta tolong dia berdoa untuk kamu berdua.”
Umar dan Ali bertanya kepada Nabi s.a.w. soalan yang sama iaitu :
“ Apakah yang patut saya minta daripada Uwais al-Qarni, Ya Rasulullah? “
Nabi menjawab :
“ Kamu minta kepadanya supaya dia berdoa kepada Allah agar Allah ampunkan dosa-dosa kalian.”
Banyak peristiwa sahabat yang berjumpa dengan Nabi s.a.w. , minta sesuatu yang baik kepada mereka, Nabi s.a.w. menjawab :
“ Pohonlah al-Maghfirah daripada Allah swt. ”
Maka topik al-Maghfirah (keampunan) ini menjadi topik yang begitu dicari, yang begitu relevan, hatta kepada orang yang telah disenaraikan sebagai ahli syurga. Kalau secara logiknya, ahli syurga seolah tidak perlu kepada pengampunan dosa daripada Allah s.w.t. kerana mereka sudah dijamin masuk syurga, namun tidak, Nabi s.a.w. masih menekankan supaya meminta Allah untuk mengampunkan dosa.
Memang benarlah firasat seorang Nabi, Uwais al-Qarni telah muncul di zaman Sayyidina Umar dan Sayyidina Ali. Mereka memang menunggu dan mencari kabilah-kabilah yang datang dari arah Yaman ke Madinah, akhirnya bertemu mereka dengan Uwais al-Qarni. Dengan pandangan mata kasar, tidak mungkin dia orang yang Nabi s.a.w. maksudkan. Kerana orang itu pada pandangan insan-insan biasa atau orang-orang yang datang bersama dengannya bersama kabilah menganggapkan dia seorang yang kurang berakal.
Siapakah Uwais Al-Qarni?
Asalnya berpenyakit sopak, badannya putih, putih penyakit yang tidak digemari. Walaupun dia seorang berpenyakit sopak tetapi dia seorang yang soleh, terlalu mengambil berat tentang ibunya yang uzur dan lumpuh. Dia telah begitu tekun untuk mendapatkan keredhaan ibunya. Bapa dia meninggal dunia ketika dia masih kecil lagi. Dia sopak sejak dilahirkan dan ibunya menjaga dia sampai dia dewasa.
Suatu hari ibunya memberitahu kepada Uwais bahawa dia ingin sangat untuk pergi mengerjakan haji. Dia menyuruh Uwais supaya mengikhtiarkan dan mengusahakan agar dia dapat dibawa ke Mekah untuk menunaikan haji. Sebagai seorang yang miskin, Uwais tidak berdaya untuk mencari perbelanjaan untuk ibunya kerana pada zaman itu kebanyakan orang untuk pergi haji dari Yaman ke Mekah mereka menyediakan beberapa ekor unta yang dipasang di atasnya “ Haudat ”. Haudat ini seperti rumah kecil yang diletakkan di atas unta untuk melindungi panas matahari dan hujan, selesa dan perbelanjaannya mahal. Uwais tidak mampu untuk menyediakan yang demikian, unta pun dia tidak ada, nak sewa pun tidak mampu.
Ibu Uwais semakin uzur hari demi hari dan berkata kepada anaknya pada suatu hari :
“ Anakku, mungkin ibu dah tak lama lagi akan bersama dengan kamu, ikhtiarkanlah agar ibu dapat mengerjakan haji. ”
Uwais mendapat suatu ilham. Dia membeli seekor anak lembu yang baru lahir dan sudah habis menyusu. Dia membuat sebuah rumah kecil (pondok) di atas sebuah “Tilal” iaitu sebuah tanah tinggi (rumah untuk lembu itu di atas bukit). Apa yang dia lakukan, pada petang hari dia dukung anak lembu untuk naik ke atas “Tilal”. Pagi esoknya dia dukung lembu itu turun dari “Tilal” untuk diberi makan. Itulah yang dilakukannya setiap hari. Ada ketikanya dia mendukung lembu itu mengelilingi bukit tempat dia beri lembu itu makan. Perbuatan yang dilakukannya ini menyebabkan orang kata dirinya gila.
Memang pelik, membuatkan rumah untuk lembu di atas bukit, kemudian setiap hari mengusung lembu, petang bawa naik, pagi bawa turun bukit. Namun sebenarnya jika dilihat di sebaliknya, Uwais seorang yang bijak. Lembu yang asalnya hanya 20kg, selepas enam bulan lembu itu sudah menjadi 100kg. Otot-otot tangan dan badan Uwais pula menjadi kuat hinggakan dengan mudah mengangkat lembu seberat 100kg turun dan naik bukit setiap hari.
Selepas lapan bulan, telah sampai musim haji, rupa-rupanya perbuatannya itu adalah satu persediaan untuk dia membawa ibunya mengerjakan haji. Dia telah memangku ibunya dari Yaman sampai ke Mekkah dengan kedua tangannya. Di belakangnya dia meletakkan barang-barang keperluan seperti air, roti dan sebagainya. Lembu yang beratnya 100kg boleh didukung dan dipangku inikan pula ibunya yang berat sekitar 50kg. Dia membawa (mendukung dan memangku) ibunya dengan kedua tangannya dari Yaman ke Mekah, mengerjakan Tawaf, Saie dan di Padang Arafah dengan senang sahaja. Dan dia juga memangku ibunya dengan kedua tangannya pulang semula ke Yaman dari Mekah.
Setelah pulang semula ke Yaman, ibunya bertanya :
“ Uwais, apa yang kamu doa sepanjang kamu berada di Mekah? ”
Uwais menjawab :
“ Saya berdoa minta supaya Allah mengampunkan semua dosa-dosa ibu”.
Ibunya bertanya lagi :
“ Bagaimana pula dengan dosa kamu? ”
Uwais menjawab :
“ Dengan terampun dosa ibu, ibu akan masuk syurga, cukuplah ibu redha dengan saya maka saya juga masuk syurga. “
Ibunya berkata lagi :
“Ibu nak supaya engkau berdoa agar Allah hilangkan sakit putih (sopak) kamu ini. “
Uwais berkata :
“ Saya keberatan untuk berdoa kerana ini Allah yang jadikan. Kalau tidak redha dengan kejadian Allah, macam saya tidak bersyukur dengan Allah Ta’ala. “
Ibunya menambah :
“ Kalau nak masuk syurga, kena taat kepada perintah ibu, ibu perintahkan engkau berdoa. ”
Akhirnya Uwais tidak ada pilihan melainkan mengangkat tangan dan berdoa. Uwais berdoa seperti yang ibunya minta supaya Allah sembuhkan putih yang luar biasa (sopak) yang dihidapinya itu. Namun kerana dia takut masih ada dosa pada dirinya dia berdoa :
“ Tolonglah Ya Allah! Kerana ibuku, aku berdoa hilangkan yang putih pada badanku ini melainkan tinggalkan sedikit. ”
Allah s.w.t. menyembuhkan serta merta, hilang putih sopak di seluruh badannya kecuali tinggal satu tompok sebesar duit syiling di tengkuknya. Tanda tompok putih kekal pada Uwais kerana permintaannya, kerana ini (sopak) adalah anugerah, maka inilah tanda pengenalan yang disebut Nabi s.a.w. kepada Umar dan Ali.
” Tandanya kamu nampak di belakangnya ada satu bulatan putih, bulatan sopak. Kalau berjumpa dengan tanda itu dialah Uwais al-Qarni. “
Tidak lama kemudian, ibunya telah meninggal dunia. Dia telah menunaikan kesemua permintaan ibunya. Selepas itu dia telah menjadi orang yang paling tinggi martabatnya di sisi Allah. Sayyidina Umar dan Sayidina Ali dapat berjumpa dengan Uwais dan seperti yang diperintahkan oleh Rasulullah s.a.w. , mereka meminta supaya Uwais berdoa agar Allah swt. mengampunkan semua dosa-dosa mereka. Ketika Uwais al-Qarni berjumpa Umar dan Ali, dia berkata :
“ Aku ini datang dari Yaman ke Madinah kerana aku ingin menunaikan wasiat Nabi kepada kamu iaitu supaya kamu berdua berjumpa dengan aku. “
Maka Uwais pun telah mendoakan untuk mereka berdua.
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